Can England's Red Squirrels Be Saved? A Race Against Time
Sam Beaumont, a farmer in the Lake District, is one of the fortunate few who can witness the beauty of red squirrels in their natural habitat. He feels a deep sense of pride and responsibility, knowing that these creatures are on the brink of extinction in England.
Once abundant, with a population of 3.4 million in the UK, red squirrels are now endangered. Their glossy auburn fur and delicate frames have captivated Britons for generations. However, the introduction of non-native grey squirrels from 1876 has had a devastating impact. Grey squirrels, outcompeting the reds for food, carry a deadly disease called squirrelpox, which decimates the red squirrel population.
Despite the dire situation, some campaigners argue that the 'demonization' of grey squirrels raises welfare concerns. The debate highlights the complexity of the issue. Red squirrels, thriving in ancient woodland, face habitat loss as much of the UK's woodland has been cleared. This has led to an estimated population of only 287,000, with around 75% residing in Scotland. The remaining population in England is believed to be as low as 38,900, with a notable presence on the Isle of Wight.
Recognizing the urgency, the government has unveiled a new squirrel action plan for England. This plan aims to increase woodland habitat and remove grey squirrels from areas where red squirrels still survive, primarily in northern England and Scotland. Nature Minister Mary Creagh emphasizes the threat posed by non-native grey squirrels to native wildlife and trees, and the need to protect the iconic, endangered red squirrels.
The proposed methods include new contraceptive vaccines for grey squirrels to prevent breeding and incentivizing landowners to remove grey squirrels and create woodlands. Sam Beaumont, part of the Nature Friendly Farming Network, is already implementing these measures on his land, working with a local ranger to monitor and eliminate grey squirrels.
The introduction of grey squirrels in the UK can be traced back to the 11th Duke of Bedford, Herbrand Russell, who released larger American squirrels in Woburn Park and London parks, spreading them across the country. This decision, according to Matt Larsen-Daw, CEO of the Mammal Society, has left the red squirrel population 'on a knife edge' two centuries later.
Volunteers like Beaumont play a crucial role in monitoring and controlling grey squirrel numbers. However, Larsen-Daw highlights the need for more funding to support community groups and landowners dedicated to protecting red squirrel populations. The grassroots campaign Save Our Reds also criticizes the plan for not going far enough, emphasizing the importance of translating policy into practical protection in the woods.
Despite the challenges, there is a glimmer of hope in the form of contraceptive vaccines. Larsen-Daw believes that innovative projects like these offer the best chance for a long-term solution to the grey squirrel problem. Additionally, the government's plan to reintroduce pine martens in areas with excessive grey squirrel populations is seen as a positive step, as these carnivorous creatures pose a threat to the greys but not to the nimble reds.
While the future remains uncertain, Larsen-Daw expresses optimism, citing the combination of research-driven solutions and the success of pine marten recovery efforts as a promising sign for the long-term survival of red squirrels in England.
